Dye and process of making same.



for example,

i 1s of considerable length.

id lil @lilith CARLETN ELLIS, OF MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNR TO ELLIS-FOSTER CMFAN'Y,

l A CORPGRATIOAT QF NEW JERSEY.

DYE AND PROCESS OF MAKING No Drawing.

- To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, CARLE'TON ELLIS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Montclair, in the county of 4Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and' useful Improvements in Dyes and Processes of Making Same, of which the fol-- lowing is a specification,

This invention relates to a method of mak ing dyestulls'of Various kinds and particuf larly of the type known as sulfur black' dyestufs and in one phase is concerned with the formation of dyestuifs from aromatic bodies including nitrated aromatic bodies such as the nitrated chlorin compounds of various aromatic hydrocarbons dinitrochlorbenzol or process, namely; a dyestufof the sulfur black type, free or substantially free from nitro'groups and in. some cases containing certain mineral salts.

he process contemplates the treatment of phenolic bodies or of nitrated material of the character specified or equivalent material with an alkaline suliid or equivalent reducing agent in aqueous solution and in. some cases under superatmospheric pressure whereby Ythe rapid formation of the dyestuff is obtained and whereby it is also possible to prepare a product free or practically free from nitro groups thereby rendering such material safer in drying, handling,

'storing and the like.

In-the preparation of sulfur black from,

dinitrophenol, the latter matewith a solution of sodium sullid and boiled for a'long period whereby reaction occurs and the dyestuii' is formed. For the attainment of a sulfur black of a good quality this heating and boiling` period In the first'instance usually a greenish-yellow product is formed, which on continued boiling changes to a greenish-'black and I black which. is the color usually desired in a sulfurblack. The product is separated from the liquor and then dried.. During the dryi11g,-oXidation or spontaneous combustion often occurs or certain side reactions progress in the mass to such an extent that the product may become seriously injured in quality. Vacuum driers are sometimes used to reduce the tendency of spontaneous combustion.

A further rial is mixed di'liculty is the fact that when Application tiled .Tune 26, 1916.

and in. particulary equivalent body; and the invention further relates to a product obvtained by such Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept.. I'lr', 23.9258.

heating under ordii ry pressure an excess of alkaline suliid is not infrequently used in order to hasten the 'reaction and sulfur or sulfur forming compounds are left in the dyestuii. These in turn pass into the fabric when the dyestufrI is employed in the dyeV `vat and the sulfur in course ci time oxidiaes to sulfuric acid causing the fabric to rot.

This change may take place weeks or months if fatter the goods have been dyed.

By thev present invention in. its preferred forni it is possible to more nearly adjust the proportions of alkaline suliid to meet the requirements of reduction without using an excess to hasten the reaction, to better develop the desired blue-blacktone. Tl'ius a more satisfactory product is obtained.

ln one form of the invention, sodium sulid may be employed and this compound he prepared y reduction of sodium sultite or sulfate with charcoal or the cempound n'iay be prepared by heating caustic soda er other suitable alkali with sulfur, carrying out the reaction either as a fusion, or boiling with Water to form solution ot' the sodium suliid. In a similar manner calcium sulid may be prepared and depending on the proportions ci sulfur employed, a

greater or less quantity of simple and com heated under atmospheric pressure or under a pressure from a iew pounds up to fifty to one hundred pounds or even higher for a short time in order to produce the coloring matter. Bepending on the pressure and concentrations employed, a more or less cour plete reduction of the nitro compound is etl'ected in a greater or less period oi time.

l/Vhen diuitrophenol 'is used directly no allowancevv need be made for excess of alkali such as is required in the ease of dinitrochlorbenzol to remove the chlorin group and form the dinitrophenol 'in Situ, The liberation ot d nitropllenol in a nascent condition` as it were, has certain advantages.

While, ns staten, sodium -suliid may be used advantageously in certain. phases oi' the present procedure the present invention. is also illustrated in the special case oi lime 50 to 75 pounds at a temperature ranging from say 13G-160 for usually l to t hours. time the blue-black dyestuli is substantially free' from any appreciable amount of detrimental organic nitro bodies. The separaa brief period "tionot the dyestuft from the alkaline solu-l tion maybe e'ected in various ways. vlt sodium suld is the reagent employed sulfuric acid may be added to throw down 'the dyestulf. lin the case of calcium sulid,

hydrochloric acid liberates the dyestud without-throwing down an insoluble calcium salt. lf filling material is desired sulfuric acid may be-used in the latter case forming calcium sulfate which serves as a lilling and extendin body. The presence of certain salts in t e dye bath favor the operation of dyeing. 0r the dyestuil may e precipitated along with calcium sulfate and the latter subsequently extracted by means of a weak alkaline suhid solution. By passing carbon dioxid into the calcium sultid solution ot' the dyestuli' calcium carbonate is obtained. and the dyestutf is precipitated.

By carbonating sodium sullid solution in a similar manner the dyestuil' is thrown down as a coherent plastic mass and sodium rcarbonate is obtained which is rccausticized and sodium sultid prepared therefrom.

In preparing sodium sulid or calcium polysulfid solution by boiling together the alkali or alkaline earth and iiowers of sultul, usually some variation. in the composition of the material is experienced from time to time and it is desirable either to analyze every lot or make a trial run on a small scale to ascertain just the proportions required-so thatthe desired etl'ective reduc tion and coinrnsion may take place with a minimum amount ot the sullid material and such adjustment of proportions by preliminary trial or observation is thine'tore in order under these conditions.

4-llVhen the sulfur black material has been prepared with approximately an equivalent amount ot sodium sulid or calcium sullid so that on acidilication to separate the dyestuff no excess of sulfur remains, it may be desirable in some cases to wash the product with boiling water which may be done vto advantage under suction to remove all impui-ities soluble in hot water. This advantageously removes any objectionable salts land any soluble organic compounds ot an undesirable character which may be present. Thesame washing treatment also At the end of this namen? `sulfur or sultid reagent is employed.` In

other cases the removal ol the salts is not necessary or desirable as 'they benciicially alect the ixation of the dye on certain fibers. Hence in some cases calcium chlorid for example may be allowed to remain in the material. Sodium chlorid likewise may be -termed and preserved in the dyestutlZ mass. l I

ln another case one part of lime, with about two parts of surfur and ten parts ot water were boiled for one and one-halt hours and the clear liquor decanted after settlement. lhis gave a solution having a strength of between 25 and 3;@ B. The residuum contained sulfur, unchanged lime and also silica and other non-calcareous material contained in the lime. When usin` lime containing magnesia care should be taken in boiling;` the composition as the fumes ot'hydrogen suld are liable to have unpleasant effects.

A mixture of dinitrophenol and this polysullid of lime composition when boiled in a reflux condenser for ten hours affords a black product which may be separated from the solution. By acidification, boiling, and iltering, a dark gray to black powder is ob tained which contains more or less :tree sulfur. This dyestuif dyesvcotton black in an alkali bath.

By treatment olfl dinitrophenol six parts, slaked lime 'ten parts, sulfur ten parts and water fifty parts by weight at a boiling` temperature tor ten hours a black dyestutt' is obtained which may be separated from the liquor by acidification. lt dyes cotton a good black in alkali sullid bath.

Seven parts by weight ot dinitrochlorbeazol, eighteen parts sulfur and iit'teen parts of slaked lime are boiled with lone hundred parte of water tor about ten hours and the precipitate on acidification collected and washed.- This dyestuiiE dyes cotton a deep brown in a sodium sullid bath.

ln another case l0 parts by weight ot sodium sultid crystals, 2 parts et sulfur and parts of water were placed in a. kettle and heated in an open kettle until all was in solution when parts of dinitrophenol were slowly added and the whole heated for a period oi about 4- hours. l'hii'infhr the last hourQ however, the reaction mass was allowed to dry down to the torni of n paste in which condition it was heated and well stirred. ly this final heat treatment in paste torni the temperature rose many dergrr/.ws and this higher temperature enabled a more complet e reaction to take place 'result- 125 ing in a dye ot better color than when such treatment was not carried out. l lb. of thty dinitrophenol gave approximately 1.5 lbs. of dye tree from ash. .l

5 parts of the sulfur black obtained in this 130 suiiicient alkali present to combine with the manner, 15 parts of sodium sulid crystals, 15 parts of salt, 15 parts of sodium carbon.- ate and 200 parts lof water were boiled in a dye kettle and cotton cloth steeped in this dye for one hour when it was converted into a black of the desired bluish black tint. In another case 450 parts of sodium sulid, 30 parts of dinitrophenol, 60 parts of cresylic acid, 400 parts of water and 90 parts of sulfur was boiled' down slowly to a paste, in which condition it was heated to fusion with agitation for about one hour when the dye vwas separated and washed. The' product was free from odor of cresoland th'e conver- .sion of the latter was apparently complete.

In the utilization .of cresol or cresylic acid as a component ofthe rawmix for making sulfur black care should be taken to have cresylic acid so that enough alkali Will remain to hold thel sulfur in lsolution as othereffected. Y

A dyestu made-from cresol alone is prepared by mixing 18 lbs. by wei ht of crys- Wise a satisfactory reaction is not as easily tanned Sodium suina (Nass 2o), 3 lts,

sulfur, 3 lbs. cresol (cresylic acid) 1 lb. caustic soda and 6 lbs. Water andvboiling down to a paste which is heated with stirring and addition of'water if necessary, until a black p 'dyestul'l is obtained. The temperature-of ,the fused paste during the reaction period may be held at 15G-180 C. when heating in i an open kettle, at which temperature the reaction progresses favorably inthe fused ma- .teri-al. Ortho, meta or para cresol or mix' tures of these may be used but preferably the ordinary commerciall cresylic aci'd 1s 4.6 suitable for the'purpose.

What I claim is 1. The process` of making black dyestus which comprises heatingmtrated aromatic material comprising a phenol with' a reagent comprising aqueous al aline sulid material until complete reduction of all nitrol groups is effected, whereby a product not spontaneousl heating on drying is obtained.

e process of makmg black dyestuffs which comprises heating nitrated material l under effective denitratin comprising 4dinitrophenol with a reagent comprising aqueous alkaline sulid material conditions until complete reduction. of al nitro groups is effected,- whereby a product not spontaneously .heating on drying is obtained.

. 3. The process of makirfig dyestuHs of thel sulfur' black type which comprises heatingy nitrated material comprising a nitropheno with aqueous alkaline-sulfid material 1n substantially 1cm-ting proportions under superatmospheric pressure until substantially complete reduction of all nitro groups is Hected and a product capable of being dried ,nitrated material comprising dinitropheno at ordinary atmospheric pressure without undergoing decomposition is obtained.

4. The process of making dyestuiis of the sulfur black type which comprises heating nitrated material. comprising a nitrophenol containing at Vleast one nitro group with aqueous -alkaline sulld material in substantially reacting proportions until substantially complete reduction of all nitro groups is effected and a product ycapable of being dried at ordinary atmospheric pressure without undergoing decomposition is obtained.

5. The process of making dyestuffs of the sulfur black type which comprises heatingnitrated material comprising a dinitro derivative of benzol with aqueous alkaline suld material in substantially reacting proportions until substantially complete reduction of all nitro groups is elected and a product capable of being dried at ordinary atmospheric pressure Without undergoing decomposition is obtained.

6. The process of making dyestuis of the sulfur-black type which comprises heating nitrated aromaticV material with aqueous alkalinel sulfid material until substantially complete reduction of all nitro groups is effected and ablue-black coloring agent'capable 'of beine'r dried without side reactions at ordinary atmospheric pressure is obtained.

7. The process of making dyestus of the sulfur black type which comprises heating nitrated aromatic material comprising a are substantially eliminated, whereby a` product not spontaneously. heating .during drying is obtained.

9. The process of making dye'stu of the l sulfur black type which consists in heating a reactiony mass containingA nitrated aromatic material and aqueous alkaline sulid material at' a temperature where denitration takes place and in continuing the heating until reduction of substantally all nitro groups is effected and a bluish-black coloring agent cal pablo of being dried without spontaneously heatingv when oven-dried at ordinary atmospheric pressure is obtained.

CARLETN ELLIS. 

